democratization definitiondemocratization definition

Wiktionary The spread of democracy as a concept. Rather than leading to the consolidation of liberal democracies, the third wave resulted in the rise of regimes that shared elements of both democracy and dictatorship. The French Revolution (1789) briefly allowed a wide franchise. "Modernization and Democracy: Theories and Evidence Revisited. The process through which a political government becomes democratic is known as democratization and is a revolution towards a democratic system, involving political changes. DEMOCRATIZATION Albertus, Michael and Victor Menaldo. This view is likely to be ethnocentric. [3], The outcome may be consolidated or democratization may face frequent reversals.. (Read Madeleine Albrights Britannica essay on democracy.) Democracy "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.". At the same time, these values promote citizen participation in the democratic process by fostering an interest in public issues and a willingness to work to solve collective problems. One way to summarize the outcome theories of democratization seek to account is with the idea of waves of democratization. Accessed 27 Jun. Learn about features of the political landscape such as boundaries, frontiers, and buffer states, as well as powerful forces like colonialism, imperialism, and democratization. These social ties promote a level of moderation in society that encourages tolerance of diversity and prevents political conflicts from escalating into violence. WebDemocracy (from Ancient Greek: , romanized : dmokrata, dmos 'people' and kratos 'rule' [1]) is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation ("direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy"). Therefore, conditions other than economic growth must explain variation in the success of democratization. [140], Wars may contribute to the state-building that precedes a transition to democracy, but war is mainly a serious obstacle to democratization. [90] Ecuador's re-democratization can then be attributed, as argued by Dunning, to the large increase of oil rents, which enabled not only a surge in public spending but placated the fears of redistribution that had grappled the elite circles. Democracy Definition 1 (2019): 149-170. "[139] Herbst writes that war and the threat of invasion by neighbors caused European state to more efficiently collect revenue, forced leaders to improve administrative capabilities, and fostered state unification and a sense of national identity (a common, powerful association between the state and its citizens). [15], Research indicates that democracy protests are associated with democratization. All Latin American countries established representative institutions soon after independence, the early cases being those of Colombia in 1810, Paraguay and Venezuela in 1811, and Chile in 1818. Web1 a : government by the people especially : rule of the majority b : a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections 2 : a political unit that has a democratic government 3 There is, however, broad agreement that the following conditions should not be viewed as deterministic but rather probabilistic in the sense of making democracy more likely to flourish. The French Directory was more oligarchic. [71] This expectation is in line with the empirical research showing that democracy is more stable in egalitarian societies. However, the transition to a basic democratic framework is ultimately contingent on the decision of elites. 1997. In addition, the fact that democratization occurs in waves suggests that transitions are not entirely contingent but are shaped by international structural forces. [38], Other approaches to the relationship between inequality and democracy have been presented by Carles Boix, Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman, and Ben Ansell and David Samuels. 2. For supporters of this argument, the emergence of a strong business class can explain the difference between countries like Britain and the United States, where industrialization coincided with democratization, and countries like Germany, Japan, and Russia, where industrialization coincided with authoritarianism. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [108], Wider adoption of voting advice applications can lead to increased education on politics and increased voter turnout. Disagreements about definitions of democracy also make it difficult to measure where a country is in its democratization process. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. After World War II, during the Allied occupation, Japan adopted a much more vigorous, pluralistic democracy. [49][50] A 2016 study found that preferential trade agreements "encourage the democratization of a country, in particular if the PTA partners are themselves democracies. Theories of democratization seek to explain a large macro-level change of a political regime from authoritarianism to democracy. [72][73], In their 2019 book The Narrow Corridor and a 2022 study in the American Political Science Review, Acemoglu and Robinson argue that the nature of the relationship between elites and society determine whether stable democracy emerges. Learn more. In extreme cases, both the rich and the poor are willing to use authoritarian measures to impose their will on the other. How to use democratize in a sentence. The US House of Representatives on Wednesday voted to censure Rep. Adam Schiff, a key lawmaker in Democrats congressional investigations into former President Donald Trump during his presidency. Mller, Jrgen and Svend-Erik Skaaning (eds.). World War II resulted in the Italian Republic. "[139] Herbst notes that the strongest non-European states, South Korea and Taiwan, are "largely 'warfare' states that have been molded, in part, by the near constant threat of external aggression. Democratic During the following 25 years, there was a dramatic expansion of democracy worldwide. These different understandings of consolidation reflect different definitions of democracy. These factors include previous experience with democracy, traditions of civilian control over the military, levels of mass mobilization, and learning effects from previous successful cases of democratization. Of course, whether education promotes democracy depends in large part on the content of what is taught and discussed in the education system. Community leaders have had some success in, There is internal pressure on the government to, For society, artificial intelligence will prove the great equalizer of our times, a powerful tool to, Starting in Bernau as a judge in 1997, Judge Mller was part of a generation of judges from the former West Germany who came to the former East Germany to help modernize and, Software that leverages data is being developed to, Because fundamental advances in engineering (such as turbine engines) and society (such as the advent of regulatory agencies) provided the necessary building blocks and infrastructure to, The Biden administration said that CBP One would, Post the Definition of democratize to Facebook, Share the Definition of democratize on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. ", Mazzuca, Sebastin. They are more attentive to public affairs and demand both inclusion and accountability. This is difficult to know because only failures can be measured directly, and these only in hindsight. The wide variety of conditions surrounding democratic transitions suggested that the specific causes of democratization in a particular country might vary over time and space, making efforts at generalization difficult, if not impossible. 2006. "[54], A meta-analysis by Gerardo L. Munck of research on Lipset's argument shows that a majority of studies do not support the thesis that higher levels of economic development leads to more democracy. However, there is no agreement on why this is the case. This is supported by historical evidence showing that in almost all cases, peace has come before democracy. Many interpreted this correlation as evidence that economic development, usually measured as per capita gross domestic product (GDP), lays the foundation for democratic transitions. The English Civil War (16421651) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament,[17] during which the idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the Putney Debates of 1647. The First French Empire and the Bourbon Restoration restored more autocratic rule. [62], According to political scientist David Stasavage, representative government is "more likely to occur when a society is divided across multiple political cleavages. [+ object] Community leaders have had some success in democratizing the organization. Of course, the prospects for democratic consolidation are affected by a number of other institutional features, including the electoral and party systems, independence of the judiciary, and legislative powers vis--vis the chief executive. For broader definitions, which view democracy as a continuous variable (a regime may be more or less democratic), consolidation means going beyond an electoral democracy to include characteristics of a liberal democracy, which incorporates guarantees of fundamental rights and liberties. Definition One common argument is that parliamentary systems are better able to manage political conflict by allowing representatives of a broader spectrum of society to participate in government institutions as well as by reducing the incentives and capacity for chief executives to circumvent or suspend democratic procedures. Democratization This is because development may entrench the incumbent leader but make it more difficult for him deliver the state to a son or trusted aide when he exits. Today, however, there are many non-Western democracies. DEMOCRATIZE Two trends revitalized explanations emphasizing conditions that facilitate democratization. Citizens must trust that their elected leaders will generally represent their interests or that they will at least have the opportunity to shape leaders decisions on issues that matter most to them. The consequence of this is that a society will develop in the direction of autocracy and an authoritarian government when people perceive collective danger, while the development in the democratic direction requires collective safety. democratization "Origins and growth of Parliament". SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Systems of government absolutism ancien rgime anti-apartheid anti-communism The process through which a political government becomes democratic is known as democratization and is a revolution towards a democratic system, involving political changes. The modernization process produces political instability and frequently leads to authoritarian regimes, such as the fascist regimes in Europe during the 1930s or the bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes in South America in the 1970s. [90] That same year oil became an increasing financial source for the country. Democratization is 'the transition to a more democratic system of government.' WebOrigin Noun Filter noun The introduction of democracy, its functions or principles, to an area or country which did not have democracy previously. zation (-t-zshn) n. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. In addition, better-educated people are more likely to hold values in keeping with democracy. Democratization ", Stepan, Alfred C. "Religion, Democracy, and the "Twin Tolerations". Sustainability and quality of democracy were long thought to go hand in handthe higher the quality of democracy, the more resistant it will be to reversal. Definition [112] Yale University political scientist Daniel Mattingly argues civil society in China helps the authoritarian regime in China to cement control. Democratize 2. [no object] There is internal pressure on the government to democratize. Definition [43][unreliable source? Historically, democratization has been kicked off by several factors. In this way, an organized citizenry is able both to ease the burden on the state, allowing it to be more effective, and to limit the states power by keeping it accountable. Titanic submersible imploded, killing all aboard, Coast Guard said Each successive democratic experience builds on the institutions and expectations of the previous experience while also shaping those of the future. In authoritarian regimes, it is difficult to contest state power through the state, so the values of resistance are developed within civil society. Democratization - Definition The collapse of many European democracies after World War I marked the first reverse wave, lasting from 1922 to 1942. Democratic transitions occur in poor and rich countries alike, but the probability of consolidation is considerably higher in rich countries. "Modernization Theory: Does Economic Development Cause Democratization?" The French Second Republic had universal male suffrage but was followed by the Second French Empire. Democratization Dense networks of voluntary associations through which citizens organize independent of the state are a primary source of the civic culture essential to the functioning of a democratic society. Webdemocratization definition: 1. the process of making countries or organizations use democratic ways of making decisions: 2. and he emphasizes the interdependence of political and economic transformations. It is true that transitions to democracy often coincided with an acceleration in the expansion of primary education, but the same acceleration was observed in countries that remained non-democratic. When elites are overly dominant, despotic states emerge. [+ object] formal : to make (something) available to all people : to make it possible for all people to understand (something) "[163] Robert Dahl, in Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (1971), held that the "commonest sequence among the older and more stable polyarchies has been some approximation of the path [in which] competitive politics preceded expansion in participation. [111] According to Berman, Germany's democratization after World War I allowed for a renewed development in the country's civil society; however, Berman argues that this vibrant civil society eventually weakened democracy within Germany as it exacerbated existing social divisions due to the creation of exclusionary community organizations. WebDemocracy (from Ancient Greek: , romanized : dmokrata, dmos 'people' and kratos 'rule' [1]) is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation ("direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy"). Scholars such as Seymour Martin Lipset;[31] Carles Boix and Susan Stokes,[32] and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Stephens, and John Stephens[33] argue that economic development increases the likelihood of democratization. Web1 a : government by the people especially : rule of the majority b : a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections 2 : a political unit that has a democratic government 3 See more. Three very general modes of transition include pacted transitions, bottom-up transitions, and top-down transitions. These conditions induce elites to resolve their conflicts through bargaining rather than breaking off into separate political groupings. The new Constitution established a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive, a national judiciary, and a bicameral Congress that represented states in the Senate and the population in the House of Representatives. A different argument links civil society much more explicitly to democratic transitions. [29] Mass democracy, in which the working class had the right to vote, become common only in the 1930s and 1940s.[30]. Because the timing of transitions was highly contingent on contextual factors, many early democratization theorists framed general explanations in terms of the strategic interaction among elites, which produces a decision to adopt democratic procedures and institutions once the opportunity arises. [9], Robert Putnam argues that certain characteristics make societies more likely to have cultures of civic engagement that lead to more participatory democracies. Definition The US House of Representatives on Wednesday voted to censure Rep. Adam Schiff, a key lawmaker in Democrats congressional investigations into former President Donald Trump during his presidency. [150], The European Union has contributed to the spread of democracy, in particular by encouraging democratic reforms in aspiring member states. Webverb [ T ] (UK usually democratise) uk / dmk.r.taz / us / dm.kr.taz / to make countries or organizations use democratic ways of making decisions: It's about time we democratized the organization of this company. [65][66][67] Montesquieu argued that the mobility of commerce meant that rulers had to bargain with merchants in order to tax them, otherwise they would lead the country or hide their commercial activities. [59] Samuel Valenzuela argues that, counter to Moore's view, the landed elite supported democratization in Chile. 1992. [58] Eva Bellin argues that under certain circumstances, the bourgeoise and labor are more likely to favor democratization, but less so under other circumstances. First, there appear to be many paths to democracy. Democratization - Definition Wiktionary Synonyms: democratisation Advertisement Other Word Forms of Democratization Noun James A. Robinson, "Critical Junctures and Developmental Paths: Colonialism and Long-Term Economic Prosperity," Ch. Eventually, even the most repressive governments must bow to this pressure. (2022), "find little evidence to support the stateness-first argument. O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe C. Schmitter. The Kingdom of Italy, after the unification of Italy in 1861, was a constitutional monarchy with the King having considerable powers. The US House of Representatives on Wednesday voted to censure Rep. Adam Schiff, a key lawmaker in Democrats congressional investigations into former President Donald Trump during his presidency.